美《外国情报监视法》第702条到期暂未续期
SOURCE / EFF-Updates · Victory! 702 has Expired!
原文
Victory! 702 has Expired!
完整原文
Español Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act lets US intelligence agencies collect communications from foreigners abroad without a warrant, and routinely sweeps in Americans’ emails, messages, and calls in the process. The authority for this program is set to expire Friday, June 12th, 2026, at midnight. As we wrote earlier this week, Congress has been kicking the ball down the road for months now—temporarily postponing the expiration of the mass surveillance authority Section 702 of FISA in hopes that some consensus on a longer reauthorization could be reached. EFF has said for decades, every time this program is up for renewal: Section 702 should require a warrant before the Federal Bureau of Investigation can look at digital communications collected from Americans. If not, we should let the whole thing expire. And this time, it has, at least for a little while. Ironically, we have Bill Pulte to thank for this (probably temporary) reprieve. Earlier this month, Trump on Tuesday named Pulte – currently director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and chairman of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac – to replace current DNI Tulsi Gabbard, who announced her resignation last month. As has been widely reported, Pulte lacks any intelligence, military, or congressional experience. Senate Democrats responded by refusing to move forward with their version of a bill to reauthorize Section 702. Similarly, the House refused to approve even a short-term renewal of the program. However, the potential for abuse of this program is not limited to one individual or one administration. And if Congress is this concerned about one particular individual having access to Americans’ most sensitive information, the responsible thing to do is to put more transparency, accountability, and oversight into the structure of this program. Members on both sides of the aisle understand this. As we have seen several times this year already, the appetite for reform is stronger than ever. We hope to continue to see strong bipartisan opposition in Congress to renewing Section 702 without a warrant requirement for backdoor searches. Until then, the authority for this program should remain expired.
归纳
美国《外国情报监视法》第702条授权情报机构无需搜查令即可收集外国人的通信，但过程中会连带获取美国人的邮件、短信和通话。该条款原定于2026年6月12日午夜到期。此前国会多次临时延期以寻求长期重新授权，但未能达成共识。电子前哨基金会长期主张，联邦调查局在查阅美国人通信前须取得搜查令，否则应让该条款彻底失效。本月，总统特朗普提名联邦住房金融局局长比尔·普尔特接替辞职的国家情报总监图尔西·加巴德，普尔特缺乏情报、军事或国会经验，引发参议院民主党抵制，导致重新授权法案无法推进，众议院也拒绝短期续期。两党议员均认识到改革必要性，目前该条款已暂时失效。在未加入“后门搜查”须有搜查令的要求前，其授权应保持失效状态。
点评
美国FISA第702条到期暂未续期，凸显监控授权缺乏搜查令要求对公民通信隐私权的合规风险。
法律视角点评
AI 生成 · 人工审核核心关切
美国FISA第702条到期暂未续期，凸显监控授权缺乏搜查令要求对公民通信隐私权的合规风险。
法律依据
50 U.S.C. § 1881a
实务启示
对中国法律人而言，应关注数据出境安全评估中是否隐含类似‘后门搜查’风险，并推动立法明确第三方数据获取的司法令状要求。