巴拉圭面部识别技术保密遭人权组织投诉
SOURCE / EFF-Updates · EFF, TEDIC and CEJIL Challenge Secrecy in the Use of Face Recognition in Paraguay
原文
EFF, TEDIC and CEJIL Challenge Secrecy in the Use of Face Recognition in Paraguay
完整原文
Español Seeking transparency and accountability in Paraguay’s use of facial recognition, EFF, the Association of Technology, Education, Development, Research, Communication (TEDIC), and the Centre for Justice and International Law (CEJIL) filed a complaint with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights against the state for arbitrarily denying access to information about its implementation and use of the technology as a tool for mass surveillance that erodes people’s privacy rights. The case involves the Ministry of the Interior and National Police’s installation in 2019 of surveillance cameras with facial recognition technology in Asunción. Maricarmen Sequera, a lawyer and executive director of TEDIC, filed an information request with the ministry seeking details and protocols about the implementation and use of facial recognition systems and the personal data processing involved. The request sought information about, among other things, whether the state had conducted human rights or data protection impact assessments, as well as if it had developed measures and protocols for avoiding abuses, illicit uses of personal data, and other risks in the deployment of the facial recognition system. The state denied most of the information requested, arguing that implementation details, protocols, and the processing of individuals' personal data were confidential security information. TEDIC contested the secrecy in courts, but the analyses lagged and ultimately sustained the denial of information. The petition filed last Friday (19) cites Inter-American standards upholding the public’s right to access information, particularly in relation to national security, that the Paraguayan authorities disregarded in denying TEDIC’s information request. The petition also argues that the refusal of information violated privacy and the right to informational self-determination. The petition asks the Commission to recognize a violation of those rights and require the state to deliver the information requested. Further, the petition seeks an order compelling the state to adopt mandatory permanent mechanisms of active transparency regarding the acquisition, contracting, implementation, financing, functioning, and use of surveillance technologies by public bodies, especially those that incorporate processing of biometric data or artificial intelligence systems. It also asks the Commission to order the state to mandatory procedures for human rights impact assessments prior to acquiring and using surveillance technologies, particularly those that collect biometric data or use artificial intelligence. The state’s lack of transparency in this case is not an isolated incident, both in Paraguay and in Latin America, where opacity in matters of security and surveillance is the unsettling rule. The situation gets worse with the increasing normalization of intrusive surveillance technologies by states in the region. The Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Inter-American Commission emphasized that states should disclose surveillance capabilities and contracts, and acknowledge state use of surveillance technologies at a meaningful level of detail, to facilitate essential public debate on the necessary limitations of surveillance in democratic societies and ensure compliance with international human rights law. We hope that the Inter-American Commission upholds the robust safeguards in the Inter-American System and advances access to information and privacy rights in a case that can set a crucial precedent for the region.
归纳
电子前哨基金会（EFF）、技术教育发展研究传播协会（TEDIC）和司法与国际法中心（CEJIL）向美洲人权委员会提交申诉，指控巴拉圭政府任意拒绝公开面部识别技术的实施和使用信息。该技术于2019年由内政部和国家警察在亚松森安装，用于大规模监控，侵犯隐私权。TEDIC执行主任Maricarmen Sequera申请获取相关协议和数据处理细节，但被以国家安全为由拒绝。申诉指出巴拉圭违反了美洲标准中关于信息获取权、隐私权和信息自决权的规定，要求委员会责令国家交付信息，并建立强制性透明机制和人权影响评估程序。此案在拉丁美洲具有先例意义。
点评
巴拉圭以国家安全为由拒绝公开面部识别技术信息，可能违反美洲人权公约中信息获取权与隐私权的透明度义务和比例原则。
法律视角点评
AI 生成 · 人工审核核心关切
巴拉圭以国家安全为由拒绝公开面部识别技术信息，可能违反美洲人权公约中信息获取权与隐私权的透明度义务和比例原则。
实务启示
中国法律人应警惕公共安全领域技术应用中以保密为由规避透明度要求，需在数据保护与国家安全之间建立可审查的平衡机制。