EFF作证国会：政府AI须保障宪法权利
SOURCE / EFF-Updates · EFF Testifies to Congress on Protecting Americans’ Rights from Government AI
原文
EFF Testifies to Congress on Protecting Americans’ Rights from Government AI
完整原文
Governments must not adopt emerging and powerful AI technologies without also adopting strong and clear safeguards to protect Constitutional rights, EFF Senior Policy Analyst Dr. Matthew Guariglia testified today to the House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection. During the hearing on “The AI Security Landscape: How Frontier Models, Agentic AI, and AI Coding Tools Are Reshaping Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Resilience,” he explained that the use of generative AI for the purposes of mass government surveillance would supercharge unconstitutional violations of civil liberties. He also highlighted how government secrecy, in addition to the black box of for-profit proprietary technology, prevents the public and lawmakers from knowing when AI models make mistakes, including errors that seriously impact the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure and the lives of individuals. “AI also has a track record of getting things wrong—from false citations on legal briefs to a major AI mistake that sent DHS recruits to the field without proper training. There are likely more consequential examples that we do not even know about because of classification that would prevent a more thorough accounting," he said in his opening remarks. %3Ciframe%20width%3D%22560%22%20height%3D%22315%22%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2F5K_0etAPDxA%3Fsi%3Dw-RLGRR_I788C4Nh%26autoplay%3D1%26mute%3D1%22%20title%3D%22YouTube%20video%20player%22%20frameborder%3D%220%22%20allow%3D%22accelerometer%3B%20autoplay%3B%20clipboard-write%3B%20encrypted-media%3B%20gyroscope%3B%20picture-in-picture%3B%20web-share%22%20referrerpolicy%3D%22strict-origin-when-cross-origin%22%20allowfullscreen%3D%22%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E Privacy info. This embed will serve content from youtube.com “At this level the question is not how do we rein in AI, it’s how do we rein in the agencies that would unleash AI on the American public,” Matthew said in response to a question by Subcommittee Ranking Member Delia Ramirez, D-Ill. You can read his full testimony as prepared here.
归纳
电子前哨基金会（EFF）高级政策分析师马修·瓜里利亚（Matthew Guariglia）在众议院国土安全小组委员会作证时指出，政府在采用新兴AI技术时必须制定明确保障措施以保护宪法权利。他警告，将生成式AI用于大规模政府监控将加剧违宪侵犯公民自由。他还强调，政府保密和专有技术的黑箱阻碍公众和立法者了解AI错误，这些错误可能严重影响关键基础设施网络安全和个人生活。他举例AI在法律摘要中虚假引用、导致国土安全部新兵未经适当培训即上岗等错误。在回答提问时，他表示问题不在于如何控制AI，而在于如何控制那些将AI用于美国公众的机构。
点评
政府AI部署缺乏透明度和问责机制，存在违宪风险，尤其涉及大规模监控时可能违反宪法第四修正案。
法律视角点评
AI 生成 · 人工审核核心关切
政府AI部署缺乏透明度和问责机制，存在违宪风险，尤其涉及大规模监控时可能违反宪法第四修正案。
实务启示
中国法律人应关注算法备案与影响评估制度，确保政府AI应用符合《个人信息保护法》和《数据安全法》的透明度与问责要求。